Antioxidant responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis): Do mussels “integrate” biomarker responses?     

Bruce J. Richardson  Eva Mak  Sharon B. De Luca-Abbott  Michael Martin  Katherine McClellan  Paul K.S. Lam 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):503

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCs) are generally present in the marine environment in complex mixtures. The ecotoxicological nature of contaminant interactions, however, is poorly understood, with most scientific observations derived from single contaminant exposure experiments. The objective of this experiment was to examine dose-response relationships between antioxidant parameters and body contaminant levels in mussels exposed to different exposure regimes under laboratory conditions. Accordingly, the green-lipped mussel, Perna viridis, was challenged with a mixture of PAHs (anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene) and OC pesticides (α-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, p,p′-DDT) over a 4 week period. Contaminants were delivered under four different dosing regimes, with all treatments receiving the same total contaminant load by the end of the exposure period. Antioxidant biomarkers were measured after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, including glutathione (GSH), gluathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidase (LPO). GST and CAT were induced in hepatic tissues in most of the exposure regimes, with the majority of significant induction occurring in a constant exposure regime and a two-step alternate exposure regime. Significant differences among exposure regimes were detected in the body burden of contaminants after 28 days. Hepatic CAT and GSH are proposed as potentially useful biomarkers as they showed good correlation with target contaminants and were not readily affected by different dosing patterns.  相似文献   

城市设计暴雨频率计算问题   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

金光炎 《水文》2000,20(2):14-18

城市设计暴雨,具有历时短、设计标准较低的特点,与常用的频率计算方法不尽相同。简述了暴雨系列的取样问题;改正了与经验频率有关的计算公式;提出以经验适线法来拟合暴雨系列呈反Ｓ形的分布;比较了推求设计暴雨的几种方法,认为超定量综合法有偏于安全的结果;列述了我国一些城市的暴雨强度公式,其中的参数无一定的规律性,期望进一步工作,在点面上进行协调。  相似文献   

华北平原地下水形成与区域水文循环演化的关系   总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24       下载免费PDF全文

张光辉  陈宗宇  费宇红 《水科学进展》2000,11(4):415-420

晚更新世以来华北平原地下水形成、演变与区域水文循环演化的周期性密切相关,区域地下水资源的形成能力取决于区域水文循环演化的进程。在多雨期,地下水可获取充足的补给;在少雨期,地下水补给较少。区域地下水资源利用潜力与水文循环陆地过程相关。人类通过调控水文循环陆地过程,可增大其利用潜力。  相似文献   

我国水电厂水情自动测报系统建设与运行   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙芹芳  裴哲义 《水科学进展》2000,11(4):447-450

对我国水电厂水情自动测报系统(以下简称测报系统)的建设和运行情况进行了比较全面的论述和分析。对测报系统的运行指标进行了量化统计分析,总结了测报系统在防洪和发电中所发挥的效益,提出了存在的问题和今后工作的建议。  相似文献   

Regime of subsurface water resources in shallow groundwater agricultural fields     

YANG Jian-feng  YUJing-jie  LI Bao-qing  MA Rui  LI Yun-sheng 《地理学报(英文版)》2000,(1)

l introductionYucheng area is located in the downstream alluvial plain of the Yellow hiver in Shandong provillce,Nortll China. bouenced by the conhnenlal monsoon clllnate in wann tCmperate zone, fainfall isdistributed very unevenly in bine. AVerage annual precipitation amounts to 600 ~ with 70%concentrahng from June to September The mother material of soil is conStituted by river alluvium andmainly consistS of mealy sand and light loam. Vadose zone consistS of mealy san4 its dry bulk densi…  相似文献   

14,000 Years of Sediment, Vegetation, and Water-Level Changes at the Makepeace Cedar Swamp, Southeastern Massachusetts     

Paige E. Newby  Peter Killoran  Mahlon R. Waldorf  Bryan N. Shuman  Robert S. Webb  Thompson Webb  III 《Quaternary Research》2000,53(3):352

Data from a transect of four cores collected in the Makepeace Cedar Swamp, near Carver, Massachusetts, record past changes in deposition, vegetation, and water level. Time series of palynological data provide a 14,000-yr record of regional and local vegetation development, a means for biostratigraphic correlation and dating, and information about changes in water level. Differences in records among cores in the basin show that water level decreased at least 1.5 m between 10,800 and 9700 cal yr B.P., after which sediment accumulation was slow and intermittent across the basin for about 1700 yr. Between 8000 and 5600 cal yr B.P., water level rose 2.0 m, after which slow peat accumulation indicates a low stand about the time of the hemlock decline at 5300 ± 200 cal yr B.P. Dry conditions may have continued after this time, but by 3200 cal yr B.P., the onset of peat accumulation in shallow cores indicates that water level had risen to close to its highest postglacial level, where it is today. Peat has accumulated across the whole basin since 3200 cal yr B.P. Data from Makepeace and the Pequot Cedar Swamp, near Ledyard, Connecticut, indicate an early Holocene dry interval in southern New England that began 11,500 yr ago near the end of the Younger Dryas interval. The dry conditions prevailed between 10,800 and 8000 cal yr B.P. and coincide with the arrival and later rise to dominance of white pine trees (Pinus strobus) both regionally and near the basins. Our results indicate a climatic cause for the “pine period” in New England.  相似文献   

Book Reviews     

《The Professional geographer》2000,52(2):358-370

Books reviewed: Astle, W.L., A History of Wildlife Conservation and Management in the Mid‐Luangwa Valley, Zambia Demko, George J., Ioffe, Grigory and Zayonchkovskaya, Zhanna (eds.), Population Under Duress: The Geodemography of Post‐Soviet Russia Evans, Sterling, The Green Republic: A Conservation History of Costa Rica Jonas, Andrew e.g. and Wilson, David, The Urban Growth Machine: Critical Perspectives Two Decades Later Pickles, John and Smith, Adrian, Theorising Transition: The Political Economy of Post‐Communist Transformations. Peet, Richard with Hartwick, Elaine, Theories of Development Shaw, Denis J.B. Russia in the Modern World: A New Geography Winters, Harold A., Galloway Jr., Gerald E., Reynolds, William J. and Rhyne, David W., Battling the Elements: Weather and Terrain in the Conduct of War Wright, John B., Montana Ghost Dance: Essays on Land and Life Yeung, Yue‐Man, Urban Development in Asia: Retrospect and Prospect  相似文献   

A framework for assessing flow regime alterations resulting from the effects of climate change and human disturbance     

Ying Yang  Qiang Liu 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(3):441-456

Flow regimes have been severely altered by climate change and human activities in recent decades, which has led to ecological degradation in rivers. This study proposes an analogy analysis-based framework, coupled with the Pettitt test, the indicators of hydrological alteration and the range of variation approach, which were used to distinguish the different effects. This framework was applied to the Sha River, a typical river in North China, to test its effectiveness. The results show that: (i) human disturbance had larger effects on pre-flood flow magnitude, the timing, frequency and duration of high and low pulse, and the flow change rate; (ii) climate change mainly influences the magnitude of flood and post-flood flows, and of extreme events; and (iii) the probability of high alteration from the target frequency increased by 69.7% due to the combined impacts. These results can provide valuable references for water resource and aquatic ecosystem management.  相似文献   

High resolution water body mapping for SWAT evaporative modelling in the Upper Oconee watershed of Georgia,USA          下载免费PDF全文

Amber R. Ignatius  John W. Jones 《水文研究》2018,32(1):51-65

Technological improvements in remote sensing and geographic information systems have demonstrated the abundance of artificially constructed water bodies across the landscape. Although research has shown the ubiquity of small ponds globally, and in the southeastern United States in particular, their cumulative impact in terms of evaporative alteration is less well quantified. The objectives of this study are to examine the hydrologic and evaporative importance of small artificial water bodies in the Upper Oconee watershed in the northern Georgia Piedmont, USA, by mapping their locations and modelling these small reservoirs using the Soil Water Assessment Tool. Comparative Soil Water Assessment Tool models were run with and without the inclusion of small reservoir surface area and volume. The models used meteorological inputs from 1990–2013 to represent years with drought, high precipitation, and moderate precipitation for both the calibration and evaluation periods. Statistical comparison of streamflow indicated that the calibration methodology produced results where the default model simulation without reservoirs fit observed flows more closely than the modified model with small reservoirs included (e.g., Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.72 vs. 0.64, r² of 0.73 vs. 0.66, and percent bias of 11.4 vs. 21.6). In addition, Penman–Monteith, Hargreaves, and Priestley–Taylor evapotranspiration equations were used to estimate actual evaporation from 2,219 small water bodies identified throughout the 1,936.8 km² watershed. Depending on the evaporation equation used, water bodies evaporated an average of 0.03–0.036 km³/year for the period 2003–2013. Using Penman–Monteith further, if the reservoirs were not considered and average actual evapotranspiration rates from the rest of the basin were applied, only 0.016 km³ of water would have left the basin as a result of evapotranspiration. This finding suggests construction of small reservoirs increased evaporation by an average of 0.017 km³ per year (approximately 46,500 m³/day). As the construction of small reservoirs continues and high resolution image data used to map these water bodies becomes increasingly available, watershed models that evolve to address the cumulative impacts of small water bodies on evaporation and other hydrologic processes will have greater potential to benefit the water resource management community.  相似文献   

Landscape metrics as predictors of hydrologic connectivity between Coastal Plain forested wetlands and streams   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Laurie C. Alexander  Alec W. Armstrong  Margaret A. Palmer 《水文研究》2018,32(4):516-532

Geographically isolated wetlands, those entirely surrounded by uplands, provide numerous landscape‐scale ecological functions, many of which are dependent on the degree to which they are hydrologically connected to nearby waters. There is a growing need for field‐validated, landscape‐scale approaches for classifying wetlands on the basis of their expected degree of hydrologic connectivity with stream networks. This study quantified seasonal variability in surface hydrologic connectivity (SHC) patterns between forested Delmarva bay wetland complexes and perennial/intermittent streams at 23 sites over a full‐water year (2014–2015). Field data were used to develop metrics to predict SHC using hypothesized landscape drivers of connectivity duration and timing. Connection duration was most strongly related to the number and area of wetlands within wetland complexes as well as the channel width of the temporary stream connecting the wetland complex to a perennial/intermittent stream. Timing of SHC onset was related to the topographic wetness index and drainage density within the catchment. Stepwise regression modelling found that landscape metrics could be used to predict SHC duration as a function of wetland complex catchment area, wetland area, wetland number, and soil available water storage (adj‐R² = 0.74, p < .0001). Results may be applicable to assessments of forested depressional wetlands elsewhere in the U.S. Mid‐Atlantic and Southeastern Coastal Plain, where climate, landscapes, and hydrological inputs and losses are expected to be similar to the study area.  相似文献